Impact of Foreign Banks on Banking in Emerging Economies Essay

Expanded innovation and development Worldwide banking in emergingâ€market have a few favorable circumstances from the innovation and development. The trend setting innovation and advancement framework could even outperform the traditional innovation and development. For instance, they could improve efficiency, increment in market and increment the opposition, etc . Advancements in client experience and unrivaled client support conveyance, arrange joining. (Infosys 2000). For instance, the web and PC framework have a helpful correspondence framework to associate the buyer and bank. In day by day life, client regularly utilize the cell phone, PC move the cash. Simultaneously, advancement and innovation is a lower cost of the financial framework in the developing business sector. The expanded innovation and advancement in developing business sector may help the financial framework make an understood correspondence for their worker, investor and customer. Subsequently, banks in developing markets are jumping their rich- world opponents in effectiveness, innovation and advancement (extraordinary report universal banking 2011). Expanded liquidity and dissolvability Contrasting and the neighborhood banking framework, the remote banks on banking in developing business sector have distinctive sort of similar favorable position. The explanation is developing business sector permit remote bank passage to neighborhood advertise. This is lead to the higher liquidity and dissolvability. Outside direct venture is a helpful reserve hotspot for nearby market. Simultaneously, the remote banks likewise have significant jobs which speak to a borrower. For instance, outside banks have an enough capital base and resource. Outside banks have assumed a significant job in financing developing business sector (EMEs) in ongoing year. Expanded liquidity and dissolvability has helped developing markets to build up their economies and distribute capital and monetary expertise proficiently across nations (Agustã ­n Villar ) Disservice Complex worldwide approaches and difficulties universal banking There are some negative components happen in worldwide banks in developing economies. One of the significant components is intricate worldwide arrangements. For instance, the outside banks are an expansion of parent bank which sent to chiefs to abroad. Diverse financial framework has various arrangements. In the mean time, the administration additionally concocts stricter arrangements. Therefore, outside banks should confront a great deal of muddled approaches in developing business sector. The breakdown of Barings was a show of how unique countries’ chiefs are neglecting to speak with one another.( the financial specialist 1997). This assessment shows that the worldwide banking in developing business sector ought to have a closer director.

Poverty Vs. The Economy Essay -- Poor Poverty Economics Essays

Destitution versus The Economy Neediness is an absence of merchandise and enterprises important to keep up a negligible satisfactory way of life. The meaning of the term satisfactory changes, nonetheless, with the general way of life in a general public and with open perspectives toward hardship. No college acknowledged meaning of fundamental needs exists since destitution is a relative idea. In more unfortunate nations it implies living near the very edge of means, while in our nation hardly any extemporized families stand up to starvation, albeit many experience the ill effects of undernourishment. A key issue in the zone of neediness is imbalance. Disparity has been an issue in all social orders. No general public conveys salary uniformly. Notwithstanding all the theoretical and specialized issues of estimation, the legislature has conceived a broadly refered to destitution record that mirrors the diverse utilization prerequisites of families relying upon their size and arrangement, on the sex and age of the family head, and on climate they live in country or urban regions. Based on past reviews, the architects of the neediness file discovered that groups of at least three man spend roughly 33% of their pay on food. In this manner, the destitution level for these families was, along these lines, set at multiple times the expense of the economy food plan. For littler families and people living alone, the expense of the economy food plan was duplicated by higher factors in request to make up for the bigger fixed costs of littler family units. The destitution edges are refreshed each year to reflect changes in the purchaser value file however in general ascents in way of life. (levington, page 147) Another issue is that the destitution list has a few defects. To start with, it doesn't take into consideration local varieties in the typical cost for basic items or for greater expenses in the focal city regions, where a large number of the poor are concentrated. Second, the flood costs for the financial plan were intended for brief or development use and are subsequently insufficient for a perment diet since they give just the barest resource. At long last, the administration measurements tumble to think about nonmonetary advantages and resources in deciding the quantity of poor. In the event that these were checked, the numbers in the official neediness positions would be decreased. The developing hole between the destitution level and middle family pay shows the incorrectness of altering a destitution level for cost ... ...simple. Anti-conception medication and maternal consideration, intended to give kids a superior beginning throughout everyday life, additionally leave the mother in a superior situation to turn into monetarily independent or, in any event, add to her own help. So also, the contrast between money dies down and rehabilitative projects is frequently obscured, for example, payments are fundamental for poor people on the off chance that they are to complete a successful preparing program. These different procedures for making a difference the poor supplement one another. Not exclusively should the present destitution be mitigated through money and in-and help, however steps must be taken to decrease it later on by better getting ready youngsters and by giving the poor a superior possibility in the work showcase. List of sources Fitchen,Janet M.(1981). Destitution and Rural America New York,York: Random house Publishing Company. Jansson, Bruce S. (1988). The Reluctant Welfare State, A History of Amercians Social Welfare Policies. Belmont, California: Wadsworth Publishing Company. Katz, Michael B. (1990) The Undeserving Poor the War on Poverty to the war on Government assistance, New York, New York. Levitan, Sar A. What's more, Shapiro, Issac. (1987), Working But Poor. New York, New York: The free Press.

How to Write an Introduction to a Research Paper

How to Write an Introduction to a Research PaperCreating an introduction to a research paper can be a difficult task. If you find yourself in this situation, it is likely that you have an idea of what kind of introduction to the research paper you want. The objective of the introduction is to introduce your work and get people to read the rest of the paper.Writing an introduction can be hard to do. However, it is crucial to making sure that your introduction gets your presentation across. Your introduction should provide valuable information about your research. Here are some tips on how to write an introduction to a research paper.First, you need to include a strong and compelling opening statement in your introductory paragraph. If you do not want to bore the reader, include a number of examples or a simple thesis statement. A good example of an intro paragraph would be something like, 'We will discuss how research has revealed that there are 3 main types of memory, short-term, lon g-term, and working memory.' This type of opening paragraph is an easy way to introduce your readers to your research. There are many more great examples to help you write an introduction to a research paper.Second, you should include a description of the main parts of your work. This section of your introduction will provide an overview of your project. The description should be concise and relevant to the topic of your research.Third, you should include a key point in your opening paragraph that is an important part of your project. A key point is a quote that provides some explanation of the main points of your research. A key point could be, 'Researchers believe that in children, short-term memory grows at a faster rate than long-term memory.' Make sure that you use specific examples and types of statements in order to accurately describe your work. If you do not provide any examples, it will be difficult for your audience to understand your research.Fourth, your conclusion shou ld provide a summary of the main points in your project. If you are presenting a lecture, it is more appropriate to summarize the main points and lessons in the lectures you have given. However, if you are trying to make an introduction to a research paper, then it is a good idea to provide a concise and easy-to-understand summary. The summary should provide information about your project, such as, 'Based on research, we have discovered that in children, short-term memory grows at a faster rate than long-term memory.' A summary will help your audience to easily understand your introduction.Lastly, you should prepare and understand the grammar and sentence structure for writing an introduction to a research paper. It is necessary to get through your introduction and conclusion quickly in order to make sure that your paper flows well. If you write poorly in these sections, it will show throughout your paper.Overall, writing an introduction to a research paper can be an exhausting proc ess. The goal is to effectively get your introduction across and to get readers to start reading your paper. Keep these tips in mind and create a highly effective introduction to a research paper!

Essay on Global Warming is Causing Climate Change - 535 Words

Global warming is the increase in the earth’s atmospheric temperature. Naturally occurring gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and water vapor trap heat from the sun, preventing it from leaving the atmosphere. These naturally occurring gases along with human made hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), per fluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) are collectively known as greenhouse gases. This essay will explain why global warming is fast becoming a cause for concern and why preventative measures are being taken. Global warming is caused by many things but the most common way is electrical pollution. While greenhouse gases occur naturally and keep the planet warm enough to sustain life, the excess gases produced by†¦show more content†¦Climate change effects oceans, rainforests and other ecosystems. Many species of plants and animals have felt the negative effects of global warming and climate change. Mass deforestation has destroyed many habitats and caused extinction or endangered many flora and fauna. For example, the kiwi is now a protected species because humans have destroyed their habitat through deforestation. Not only does deforestation destroy habitats, it also depletes the amount of trees that would absorb carbon dioxide. The oceans are the most threatened of ecosystems. The only pristine areas of ocean can be found under polar ice caps while the worst ecosystems are near coasts hit heavily by land pollution, over fishing, oil and gas exploration and climate change. The melting of the polar ice caps endanger arctic species such as the polar bear, narwhals, certain species of seals, seabirds such as auks and ivory gulls, the walrus and species of algae that grow in the ocean. Algae are a main food source for many ocean species and its depletion will have a negative eff ect on the food web. Global warming has become a real concern over the past few years, causing nations to start taking precautions. Climate change is a global issue therefore the world’s nations have combined in their efforts to protect the planet from further depreciation. The most effective summit was held in Kyoto, Japan where the United Nations passed a treaty that involves a commitment by allShow MoreRelatedThe Global Warming Debate On Our World880 Words   |  4 Pagesnews has been reporting that global warming is fake and that it is not caused by human activity but rather by natural causes. Further, this global warming debate has been an ongoing battle between the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. In 2012 during Obamas second run for presidency, the global warming debate went on full blast. That year Obama had announced a series of executive actions to reduce carbon pollution, prepare the U.S. for the impacted of climate change, and lead international effortsRead MoreAdam Morris. Ms. Scannell. English Iii. March 3, 2017.1715 Words   |  7 PagesIII March 3, 2017 Global Warming Little Jimmy is riding his bike to school wearing an oxygen mask because of the amount of pollution in the air. As he is riding he sees no plants or animals along the way and is heartbroken without color in his life. The only color he sees is the black sky that covers his city. The Earth has been affected by many factors in the past century. One of the biggest problems that the planet has had is pollution. Although some say that global warming is a myth and willRead MorePros and Cons: Global Warming Essay917 Words   |  4 PagesAlleged Global Warming has been a hot topic and been widely reported in the American media since the 1970s. In March 2014, TED, a nonprofit committed to expanding ideas with short talks, gave a powerful presentation of the alleged current consequences of Global Warming in Gavin Schmidt’s (2014) talk: The emergent patterns of climate change. His claims are stark and he implores his audience to take the grave predictions of Global Warming seriou sly and not just write it off as insignificant. WhileRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On Our Planet s Ecosystem1173 Words   |  5 PagesMother Earth is burning as we speak; humanity has killed our precious Earth. Global-warming is a vicious killer that was created by the humans on this Earth, and there s no way to cure it. We, as humans, have the power to cleanse the Earth, but instead we destroy it. Heat is absorbed by carbon dioxide and greenhouse gases. A greenhouse gas absorbs thermal radiation emitted by the Earth s surface. As the sun s energy reaches the Earth’s surface, some of it is released into space, some is absorbedRead MoreA Fallacy Or An Ugly Truth1435 Words   |  6 PagesA fallacy or an ugly truth? The Global Warming debate has been circulating in the minds of everyone from the most qualified, knowledgeable scientists to the average layman. With the abrupt end of the last major ice age over 7000 years ago, the new climate era’s advance into th e 21st century covers most of the time mankind has inhabited a planet with a mild and relatively stable and unchanging climate, is clearly compelling. From sea levels rising, to the melting of the glaciers, loss of fresh waterRead MoreThe Problem Of Global Warming1088 Words   |  5 Pageswe do not want to repeat the story in the movie The Age of Stupid, in which a man lives in the devastated future world of 2055. The man looks back to today’s date and asks himself why we did not stop the climate change when we had the chance. However, today global warming is out of control, global temperatures are steadily rising. â€Å"The primary cause, a consensus of scientists has said, is the rising emissions of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane† (Stone, 2013). The CO2 stays in theRead MoreGlobal Warming Is False1059 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of global warming has become a hot topic in not only in American, but all over the world. For years, many politicians have evaded the issue of global warming. But now, all of a sudden, the Democratic Party vows to combat global warming. Now that the Democratic Party has majority in both houses on Congress, they have taken an emphasis over environmental issues, mostly involving global warming. On January 30th, 2007, Congress held its first hearing about global warming. What was concludedRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Warming1353 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal Warming With it being the presidential election season the talk of global warming, also known as climate change has come up in conversation more. But should it be associated with whether you are republican or democrat? Global warming should not be rather you â€Å"believe† in because it is a stated fact. The definition by Oxford Dictionary declares that global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect causedRead MoreGlobal Warming Is An Important Problem944 Words   |  4 PagesGlobal warming is an important problem which people all the world need to solve and prevent the affected of global warming. We just saw a small affected right now, but for a long time, it will take your life away. Why don’t we should do something to save the earth as save our life? One person can do nothing but a group of people can make different and change the world. We can do the small things from home, but it also helps us save the earth. Firstly, I think we should create an organization toRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1444 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming is an increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature due to greenhouse gases that collect in the atmosphere like a thickening blanket, trapping the sun’s heat and causing the planet to warm up. (â€Å"11 Facts About Global Warming†) Gases such as natural and manmade are trapped in the atmosphere causes the Earth’s surface become warmer. The world is affected by the dangers of global warming, and the major contributor to global warming among the greenhouse gases is CO2 emission. (Chiroma)

Classroom Management - 3057 Words

Classroom Management Theorists and Theories/Burrhus Frederic Skinner lt; Classroom Management Theorists and Theories Contents 1 Overview of Skinners Theories of Classroom Management 2 Implementation of Skinners Theories 3 Critique of Skinners Theories 4 Questions for Consideration 5 References Overview of Skinners Theories of Classroom Management[edit] The Theory Skinner believed that the goal of psychology should be practical (Lieberman, 2000). As it relates to education, Skinner believed the goal of psychology should be to find ways to make education enjoyable and effective for all students. His learning theory relied on the assumption that the best way to modify behavior was to modify the environment. Skinner was a†¦show more content†¦A primary conclusion from both of these hypotheses is that teachers looking to find a highly salient reinforcer should look for activities that students prefer to do in their free time (i.e. highly-probable behavior). Skinner also developed the concept of the â€Å"reinforcement schedule†. Reinforcement schedules are divided into two categories: a) continuous reinforcement schedules (CRF), in which every desired behavior is reinforced every time it occurs, and b) partial reinforcement schedules in which behaviors are reinforced based on ratios (reinforced after so many occurrences) or intervals (a reinforcement delivered after a certain time interval). Partial reinforcement schedules may be fixed (i.e. a reinforcement after 3 behavioral occurrences [fixed ratio] or a reinforcement after 3 minutes [fixed interval]), or variable (i.e. the ratio or interval at which reinforcement is given is random, but averages to a specific amount). It has been found that variable partial reinforcement schedules are more effective in improving the frequency of an operant behavior and in limiting its extinction when reinforcement is no longer delivered. The later effect is particularly true when compared to c ontinuous reinforcement schedules. This finding suggests that teachers using reinforcements in their classroom suggests that teachers using reinforcements in their classroom should be cautious of seeking to rewardShow MoreRelatedA Reflection On Classroom Management1704 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents and 36% female students. No inclusion students or aides were present in these classes. I. Classroom Management Classroom management is defined as the â€Å"techniques used to maintain a healthy living environment, relatively free of behavior problems† (Woolfolk). Classroom management is a combination of four areas: seatwork, organization, withitness and assignments. Seatwork in classroom management involves making sure that the work given to students will keep them interested and on task. OrganizationRead MoreEvaluation Of A Classroom Management845 Words   |  4 PagesClassroom management is a set of methods and skills used by educators to assist students in being more organized, alert, thoughtful, disciplined as well as being more academically productive. Classroom management when used correctly and effectively can help teachers maintain and control behaviors that may hinder learning for the class or a particular student, while at the same time maximizing behaviors that enhance learning for the students (Classroom Management, 2014). A practice that can contributeRead MoreClassroom Theory : Classroom Management Philosophy1351 Words   |  6 PagesToni Bentley Classroom Management Classroom Management Philosophy My Classroom Management Philosophy I believe that a well managed classroom provides safety, education and respect and fosters an environment of team work and empathy. In order to support and encourage learning in a classroom environment, students should feel comfortable and safe both physically and emotionally. Behavior, character, independence, attitudes, and academics are all learned in a classroom. They shouldRead MoreEssay about Classroom Management2051 Words   |  9 PagesWong defined classroom management as, â€Å"the practises and procedures that allow teachers to teach and students to learn† (Starr, 2005). Harry K. Wong also describes that classroom managements is something that refers to all of the necessary things that a teacher does to organize students, space, time, and materials so that learning can occur efficiently. This management includes fostering students’ full participation, plus their overall commitment and contribution in the productive classroom activitiesRead MoreReflection O n Classroom Management1181 Words   |  5 PagesThis assignment asks for â€Å"one particular memorable classroom or school situation when you were a student that if you had been the teacher, you would have handled differently. As the teacher in that setting, how would you have brought resolution to the conflict?† I decided to approach this assignment with some liberties of a self-reflection of my own personal classroom management as a substitute teacher this previous Tuesday, October 31, 2017, in singular 9th grade Algebra class in which authorityRead MoreData Analysis And Results Of Classroom Management1463 Words   |  6 Pages o Classroom management: All 3 correlated o Use of formative assessment was found to help student’s engagement throughout. o Classroom management was a common theme among my data as well that showed being better able to pace lessons. Triangulation: Both my Critical friend and journaling collection tools agreed that classroom management has a big impact on how lessons and activity pacing will go. My own journaling indicated a numerous amount of times that my teachers classroom management helpedRead MoreEssay on Philosophy of Classroom Management2662 Words   |  11 Pages Philosophy of Classroom Management Being a male going into the elementary school education profession, I feel that I can be a postitive male role model for students who might lack that kind of male role model leadership needs. One of the first things that I will convey to my students is my philosophy on classroom management. My philosophy can be summed up in just two words: RESPECT and LEADERSHIP. Respect ï ¿ ¼ Just as the picture describes , in order for me to receive respect ; I must first deliverRead MoreLearning Methods For Successful Classroom Management Essay1164 Words   |  5 Pagesmethods I might use for good classroom management This paper sheds light on some dynamic learning methods for successful classroom management. The classroom management had the largest effect on students’ achievement. This means students cannot learn in poorly managed classrooms. Some studies shows the importance of classroom managements of there being building a relationship between teachers and students. Teachers should take into their consideration classroom management and student achievement areRead MoreClassroom Management Plan For Students1095 Words   |  5 PagesClassroom Management Plan Part One There are 22 students in my second grade class. Of the 22 students, 11 are male and 11 are female. The demographics of the classroom are as follows: African American (9) 41%, Caucasian (8) 36%, Hispanic (2) 9%, Asian (2) 9%, and Multi-Racial (1) 4.5%. Two students come from families that receive an income below the poverty line. Every student in the class speaks English and there are two children with disabilities. One student has a 504 plan for ADHD and the otherRead MoreClassroom Management Essay examples1479 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause they feel it is what is expected of them, and others go because they feel they have no other choice. No matter the reason, there always seems to be a problem in the classroom; the teacher will be lecturing while only a few students are responding. In Nunns (1996) observational study of participation in college classrooms, on average less than 6 percent of class time involved student interaction. Thats three minutes of student talk per 50 minutes of class time. (Tomorrows Professor, 2006)

Swot Analysis Of Swot Analysis Swot - 871 Words

SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis is a strategic planning tool used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats revolving around a corporation. This analysis involves determining the objective of the corporation and identifying the internal and external environmental factors that are expected to benefit or burden the achievement of company objectives. After the business identifies that objective a SWOT analysis is performed to examine the strengths and weaknesses(Internal factors) and then considers the opportunities posed by business conditions(external factors) By identifying the company strengths, a company will be better able to think of strategies that will take advantage of new opportunities. Identifying current weaknesses and the threats, a company will be able to identify changes needed to be made to improve and protect its current operations. Organizational Strength The strengths identified for Cummins are summarized in that they are a market leader for diesel technologies and products? One of the most important strength is that the company has a strong and loyal customer base across the globe. Its ability to reach around the globe with its master and regional distribution centers is clearly an advantage against their competitors. A second important strength is the yearly improvements that are made in the research in new diesel technologies. I emphasize yearly because competitors can take multiple years to produce results that CumminsShow MoreRelatedSwot Analysis Of Swot And Swot Analysis738 Words   |  3 Pagesknown as SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis is business analysis method that business can use for each of its department when deciding on the most perfect way to increase their business and future growth. This procedure identifies the internal and external strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats that are in the markets. SWOT analysis helps you decide your position against your competitors, identifies best future opportunities, and highlight current and future threats. SWOT analysis is an acronymRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot1223 Words   |  5 PagesOnStar – SWOT Analysis To help OnStar determine if home monitoring services should be added to its list of products and services, a SWOT analysis should be completed. A SWOT analysis is a situation analysis or tool used to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of an organization (SWOT Analysis Definition | Investopedia, 2005). Thus, it is a basic straightforward model that determines what an organization, like OnStar, can and cannot do, as well as determines its opportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Swot Analysis : Swot911 Words   |  4 Pages SWOT Analysis In the article â€Å"SWOT analysis† Harmon (2015) offered a definition for SWOT analysis, the purpose of the SWOT analysis, the advantages of performing a SWOT analysis, and outlined and discussed the four components of the SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis is a planning and brainstorming tool that helps people evaluate an idea or project for a business or formulate a business plan (Harmon, 2015). It should be noted that SWOT analysis is an acronym for Strengths, Weaknesses, OpportunitiesRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot2320 Words   |  10 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis, which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selectedRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1081 Words   |  5 PagesSWOT Analysis: A SWOT analysis (SWOT matrix) first used by Stanford Research Institute during 1960-1970 and it was presented by Mr. Albert S. Humphrey a American business and management consultant by using data from fortune 500 companies. We can succeed in our life if we use our talents to our full extent. Similarly, we‘ll have some problems if we know our weakness are, and if we manage these weaknesses so that we don’t matter in the work we do. To understand more about our self and our externalRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1371 Words   |  6 Pages SWOT analysis is valuable in understanding and revising the position of the company before decisions are made about company direction or the application of a new business idea. PEST is a tool to assess external factors. It is useful to complete a PEST analysis before a SWOT, although it may be more useful to complete a PEST analysis during, or after, a SWOT. SWOT and PEST are vital in determining the success of a business. SWOT analysis is a form of situational analysis in which internal strengthsRead MoreSwot Analysis : Swot And Swot1957 Words   |  8 PagesSWOT analysis focuses on the internal factors which are the company’s strengths and weaknesses as well as the external factors which are the opportunities and threats which are gained from situational analysis which focuses on summarizing all the pertinent information acquired about the key three environments of internal, customer, and external (Ferrell Hartline, 2014, p. 39). A SWOT analysis further gives a company precise advantages and disadvantages in satisfying the needs of its selected marketsRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot1708 Words   |  7 Pages A SWOT analysis is â€Å"a structured planning method used to evaluate the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats involved in a project or in a business venture.†(en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWOT analysis, 03/11/14). A swot analysis can also be used to examine a person’s attributes. The strengths and weaknesses usually are internal factors whereas threats and opportunities are mainly external. Advantage Disadvantage Internal Strengths 1. Self-motivated 2. I am organised; accurate and pay attentionRead MoreSwot Analysis : A Swot852 Words   |  4 PagesStrength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, commonly known as a SWOT analysis is used by businesses. Organizations use the SWOT analysis technique to figure out and understand their areas of strong suits (strengths), their inevitable flaws (weaknesses), prospects that the organization could look into (opportunities) and things that pose as intimidations to the organization (threats). There are many obstacles to overcome when it comes to international expansion. Obstacles such as; language andRead MoreSwot Analysis : The Swot1888 Words   |  8 PagesThe SWOT analysis, a strategic planning tool was developed by Albert Humphrey in the 1960’s and 1970’s. Albert is said to have come up with this strategic planning tool through the use of data the Fortune 500 companies in the United States of America at that time (Lancaster Massingham, 2011). A SWOT analysis determine s the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, which are a relevant part of any organization especially the ones that get involved in new ventures. This tool assists the users

Atrial Fibrillation and Asthma

Question: Discuss about theAtrial Fibrillation and Asthma. Answer: Introduction There have been several cases of patients initially diagnosed with asthma developing atrial fibrillation disease. However, the connection between the two conditions has not been established. The two conditions have however posed risks of other cardiac infections on the patients. Medical practitioners have however tried to link the two in relation to other individual characteristics of the patients. This paper explores the pathophysiology, care and treatment of the atrial fibrillation condition of Mr. Jones. Cardiprin consists of aspirin and glycine. DeMarco, et al (2014) explains that aspirin is considered the active component of this drug. The generic name of aspirin is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).it belongs to a group of drugs known as analgesics, antipyretics, anti-inflammatories and platelet aggregation inhibitors. The mechanism of action is associated with the inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1), which is the main enzyme involved in the metabolism of arachidonic, a precursor in the prostaglandins synthesis. Prostaglandins are important mediators in the pathogenesis of inflammation, fever, and pain. The platelet aggregation inhibition is achieved by the suppression of thromboxane A2. Thromboxane is produced in the same pathway as prostaglandins. Thromboxane A2 is responsible for platelet aggregation, and consequent coagulation. Mr. Jones has been diagnosed with atrial fibrillations. In this condition, an individual experiences a very fast heart rate. Prystowsky, Padanilam, and Fogel, (2015) explains that in pathological conditions where there is coagulation due to thrombosis in the blood vessels, the heart is overworked in an attempt to pump blood. Platelet aggregation leads to the formation of clots within the blood stream which clogs the blood vessels and consequently increases the heart rate which precipitates into arrhythmia. Hypertension he has may be as a result of the high resistance in peripheral vessels resulting from platelet aggregation. This medication is fashioned to reduce the fibrillation and hypertension. Additionally, it reduces the risk of myocardial infarction. Although it is important as a drug of choice, it has some side effects which should be considered in the course of treatment. There may be some effects in the gastrointestinaltract. Itmay cause vomiting, epigastric pain, and diarrhea. Most importantly it may cause corrosion and ulceration in the gastrointestinal tract. A prolonged use of the drug is associated with dizziness, headaches, and tinnitus. It is sometimes associated with allergic reactions such as skin rash, bronchospasm, and aspirin triad. Bronchospasm may he severe due to asthma hehas. Asa nurse care should be taken to ensure that Mr. Jones is not having portal hypertension, vitamin K deficiency or glucose 6 phosphate deficiencies. These conditions are contraindicated with aspirin administration (Chan,et al 2014). Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation Atrial fibrillation is an unusually a very rapid heart rate. Atrial fibrillation happens when the upper assemblies of the heart, or atria, fibrillate. This implies they beat quickly and sporadically. Blood is not pumped productively to whatever is left of the body which may make you feel feeble or tired, or to encounter awkward heart sensations like a hustling or unpredictable pulse. Millar, et al (2016) in an attempt to describe the causes and symptoms of this condition, it is important to point out that people have theorized the disease to be having a genetic cause. Scientists argue that from the 29 genes associated with asthma, one is likely to cause AF. It has however remained difficult to establish the main cause since it also affects people who dont have asthma as well. Major symptoms include heart palpitations, exhaustion, and shortness of breath The diagnosis and treatment of AF may be done through several mechanisms such as; electrocardiogram, holter monitor, event recorder, stress test and use of long term monitoring devices. Mechanisms involved in the treatment of AF include; control and monitoring of the heart rate, anticoagulation therapies and cardioversion which involves delivering an electric shock. Implantation of defibrillators and surgery is important for certain stages of the infection like that of Mr. Jones. In conclusion, there are several risk factors that are likely to make the condition worsen in individuals who are suffering from AF. These include; high cholesterol in the blood, hypertension which Mr. Jones is currently suffering from, obesity, drug and substance abuse, some medications and lack of exercise. Treating atrial fibrillation is very important in the sense that individuals suffering from this condition are likely to suffer a stroke and myocardial infarction. The reason why this drug was administered to Mr. Jones is because it is used to treat frequently occurring ventricular fibrillation in patients which is related to Mr. Jones. This medicine can be administered for very long periods if needed (Lund, L. H. 2016)The reason behind its support is because it is mostly used to heal very serious illness and long term one ones. It is used to patients of high risk of cardiac deaths(Lochnan, H. A. 2014). Taking the health conditions of Jones, it is a long term illness the causes coming from the parents hence this drug effective at this point. Reddel, et al (2017) one of its benefit is that it is used to cure patients who used other medicines that didnt work at all. As soon as it is administered it starts working right away(Ciesek, S. 2014). The medicine is in solution and can be given orally.This medicine has its own side effects like the other medicines. This side effects include fever, Nausea and Hypertension (Chen, 2015). The other effects related to this is serious heart arrest, heart failure, also abnormality in liver functions, kidney failure, diarrhea and many more. Certain precautions should be made by the nurse in charge. One precaution is to clearly follow the dosage because failure to follow can cause effects like dizziness and fainting (Mc Adam, 2016). The doctor or nurse should be in direct contact with the patient because as this medicine is in use there are many symptoms that come with it and if they become more the patient Mr. Jones should see the nurse directly with immediate effect. January, et al (2014) explains that dabigatran and warfarin are anticoagulation agents. Anticoagulation agents work through three mechanisms they include: fibrinolytic agent, anticoagulation agents, and antiplatelet agents. Fibrinolytic agents work by degrading fibrin, an important protein in the coagulation process. It works by eliminating the clot. Anticoagulants inhibit clot formation thereby preventing progression of thrombosis. Antiplatelet drugs interfere with platelets adhesion or aggregation. This prevents the initial clot formation. Warfarin acts by inhibiting vitamin K synthesis. This leads to the inhibition of vitamin k dependent clotting factors. The anticoagulation effect occurs within twenty-four hours after administration of warfarin. The peak coagulation effect may be attained in twenty-fourhours. Ithas a very high protein binding hence very long halflife. Ithas a terminal half-life of one week. Its elimination depends on metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver. There is very little eliminated in the urine Dabigatran acts by inhibiting thrombin. Thrombin is involved in the conversion of fibrin to fibrinogen. This prevents a development of athrombus. Itis an orally administered drug with the same efficacy almost the same as warfarin. Contrary to warfarin a correct dose does not need to be determined for each individual. And it does not need to be changed from time to time. Warfarin requires blood tests to be made frequently in order to change the doses as it happens. Dabigatran is mainly eliminated ion the kidneys. A kidney disease is likely to cause intoxication due to accumulation (Alonso,et al 2015) I would advise Mr. Jones to consider warfarin. Dabigatran is equally potent as warfarin and more advantageous as it does not require constant testing of the blood. However, Care should be taken since it is no possible to monitor its effect and its effects cannot be reversed as easily as warfarin. Bleeding disorders can be reversed in warfarin administration by administering vitamin K. Dabigatran also requires an acid medium for absorption. Aspirin which is also administered reduces acidity and thus may reduce its bioavailability and consequently the potency. Warfarin would be the best drug ofchoice. Itshould be ensured that he does not have a liver disease. According to Valdes and Lochnan, (2014) salbutamol inhaler is a drug prescribed for asthmatic patients. It is commonly referred to as a bronchodilator medicine since its mode of action is to relieve and to dilate the airways. This serves to helm asthmatic patients like Mr. Jones whose air passages constrict. The inhaler takes a few minutes and its effect lasts for several hours. The salbutamol inhaler is designed to relieve breathlessness. It however does not prevent breathlessness. Agarwal, et al (2016) salbutamol inhaler may cause challenges to Mr. Jones due to the fact that he has an irregular heartbeart, he is also likely to suffer from allergic reactions due to the use of dabigatrin and cardiprin. He is also having hypertension which may predispose him to other adverse effects. Jones ought to press the inhaler and breathe in the spray that is elicited. He is supposed to breath into the salbutamol inhaler about 3-5 times and then wait for a few minutes. If the inhaler does not work within minutes, he is supposed to seek help from a medical officer. Jones is also supposed to carry his inhaler every place where he goes to. It is highly recommended of him that he avoids smoking and associated behavior since it increases the risks of adverse effects. Some of the major side effects include headaches, shivering, nervous tension and muscle cramps especially since he has heart conditions. if the symptoms and side effects persist, he should seek medical attention as soon as possible. He is supposed to store his inhaler in a cool and dry place that is away from direct sunlight. It should however be near him always so that he may access it any time he needs it. If the inhaler does not seem to work properly even after using it for the maximum number of times, he should seek medical attention too. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to recommend that Jones needs to be advised to avoid the risky behaviors that may predispose him to the infections. These may include behaviors such as drug abuse and lack of exercise. He is also required to visit the doctor regularly as a routine health practice and as a precaution that will prevent further worsening of his condition. References Agarwal, R., Khan, A., Aggarwal, A. N., Gupta, D. (2016). Is the SMART approach better than other treatment approaches for prevention of asthma exacerbations? A meta-analysis.Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease,71(4). Alonso, A., MacLehose, R. F., Lutsey, P. L., Konety, S., Chen, L. Y. (2015). Association of amiodarone use with acute pancreatitis in patients with atrial fibrillation: a nested case-control study.JAMA internal medicine,175(3), 449-450. Chan, W. L., Yang, K. P., Chao, T. F., Huang, C. C., Huang, P. H., Chen, Y. C., ... Leu, H. B. (2014). The association of asthma and atrial fibrillationA nationwide population-based nested casecontrol study.International journal of cardiology,176(2), 464-469. Cooper, L. B., Mentz, R. J., Edwards, L. B., Wilk, A., Rogers, J. G., Patel, C. B., ... Lund, L. H. (2016). Implications of amiodarone use before heart transplantation.The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation,35(4), S63. DeMarco, V. G., Aroor, A. R., Sowers, J. R. (2014). The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity.Nature Reviews Endocrinology,10(6), 364-376.. Gehring, G., Rohrmann, K., Atenchong, N., Mittler, E., Becker, S., Dahlmann, F.,...Ciesek, S. (2014). The clinically approved drugs amiodarone, dronedarone and verapamil inhibit filovirus cell entry.Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy,69(8), 2123-2131. January, C. T., Wann, L. S., Alpert, J. S., Calkins, H., Cigarroa, J. E., Cleveland, J. C., ... Murray, K. T. (2014). 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation.Circulation,130(23), e199-e267. Kearney, M., Fay, M., Fitzmaurice, D. A. (2016). Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: we can do better. Millar, K., McInerney, A., Hussein, H., McAdam, B. (2016). 13 Audit of thyroid and liver function testing in patients with heart failure on chronic amiodarone therapyare we testing appropriately?Heart,102(Suppl 9), A8-A8. Prystowsky, E. N., Padanilam, B. J., Fogel, R. I. (2015). Treatment of atrial fibrillation.Jama,314(3), 278-288. Reddel, H. K., Busse, W. W., Pedersen, S., Tan, W. C., Chen, Y. Z., Jorup, C., ... O'Byrne, P. M. (2017). Should recommendations about starting inhaled corticosteroid treatment for mild asthma be based on symptom frequency: a post-hoc efficacy analysis of the START study.The Lancet,389(10065), 157-166 Valdes, M. A., Lochnan, H. A. (2014). Amiodarone Induced Hyperthyroidism in a Previously Hypothyroid Patient. InNon-Neoplastic Thyroid Disorders-Clinical and Case Reports(pp. MON-0500). Endocrine Society. van Oosten, E. M., Hamilton, A., Petsikas, D., Payne, D., Redfearn, D. P., Zhang, S., ... Baranchuk, A. (2014). Effect of preoperative obstructive sleep apnea on the frequency of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting.The American journal of cardiology,113(6), 919-923.

Specific Heat Capacity of Water (DCP and CE) free essay sample

The uncertainty in time interval is taken 0.1s because the stopwatch we used had a least count of 0.1 s and was digital. Here, uncertainty in temperature is 0.5 °C because the least count of the thermometer was 1 °C and it was an analog thermometer. So uncertainty is half the least count. Now, the average temperature was calculated by taking the sum of the four temperature values for a specific time and dividing the sum by 4. The uncertainty in temperature was calculated by finding the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value and then dividing it by 2. Sample Calculations: 1. Average temperature = (27+28+28+27)/4 = 27.5 = 28 °C 2. Uncertainty in temperature = (Max-Min)/2 = (28-27)/2 = 0.5 = 1 °C Table 2: Table showing average temperature and uncertainty in this average with corresponding time Time/s  ± 0.1 s Average temperature/ °C Uncertainty in temperature/ °C The relatively low percentage uncertainty and discrepancy show that the experiment was very precise and accurate. This means that both random and systematic errors were very low. We will write a custom essay sample on Specific Heat Capacity of Water (DCP and CE) or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, there is an outlier in the graph, so there was a systematic error for that value of ‘t’. According to the hypothesis, the graph was supposed to be a straight line which passes through the origin. But here, we can see a y-intercept. This means that even when the time was zero, there was a certain temperature (23.8 °C). Here, we know that this is the temperature of the water according to the surrounding when the heating process had not started. And the value from the graph (23.8 °C) is quite close to the actual observed value during the experiment (26 °C). The range of the y-intercept also includes a value that can be explained with the same explanation. ERROR EVALUATION As mentioned above, the low percentage uncertainty and discrepancy shows that the errors are not very significant. The errors are listed below along with improvements. Random errors: 1. Difficulty in measuring temperature – Measuring the temperature while it was rising was a little tricky as both the time and the temperature had to be observed simultaneously. This was, however, made easier by having two people in the team. 2. Temperature of water is not same throughout the beaker – This means that the water heating does not take place uniformly, so the relative position of the heater and the thermometer affects the values of temperature. Using a heater from the bottom and keeping the thermometer at a fixed height from the bottom would reduce this error. 3. Least count of thermometer – The thermometer we used had a least count of 1 °C which is quite high. Using a temperature probe would give us more precise values. Systematic errors: 1. Time taken to heat the heater itself – The heater itself took some time to heat up which could be the cause for the outlier in the graph. 2. Heat lost to surroundings – Heat is lost to the atmosphere as well as the beaker while heating. This constantly decreases the amount of energy supplied, resulting in a lower value for ‘c’. Using a calorimeter with a lid would reduce this. 3. The beaker was kept open – This resulted in evaporation of water and, thus, a decrease in the volume of water. This would result in a decrease in the mass and therefore increase the value of ‘c’. Use of a lid to cover the beaker would help control this error. 4. The power of heater was not measured – We assumed the power mentioned in the packaging to be absolutely true and without uncertainties, but this might not be true. If we measured these ourselves, we would also know the uncertainties and therefore, get a more accurate value. 5. Power of heater changes with change in temperature – A change in temperature results in a change in the resistance of the heating coil and therefore, the power changes as well. 6. Use of tap water – Tap water contains many impurities, which affects water’s specific heat capacity. Using distilled water would help reduce this. 7. Beaker and heater were not cooled down completely after each trial – The beaker and the heater were rinsed a few times very briefly. This means that they were not cooled down properly and therefore, that provided certain energy to the water. This decreases the value of ‘c’. 8. The volume of water was measured instead of the mass – The density of water was assumed to be 1 gcm-3, which might not be true because of the impurities in tap water. Directly measuring the mass would have given better results. From these, the most significant errors would be the heat lost to the surroundings and the evaporation in the process. Controlling these two would give a more accurate result.

The Raven Essay Example

The Raven Essay Example The Raven Paper The Raven Paper yet when the birds single response continues to make sense in the context of his thoughts and outbursts of speech, he begins to look upon it as a prophet sent by God or the devil. The raven destroys any hope the speaker has about reuniting with lenore after death What is the plot? the speakers chamber at midnight on a cold dreary night in December What ia the setting? Details such as darkness, midnight dreary, fantastic terrors, and omnious bird, as well as details about the speakers distress, create a haunting mysterious mood that reflects Romanticisms dark side Which details contribute to the mood of this poem, and how do they illustrate the dark side of Romanticism? Death, loss, suffering, sorrow, evil, memory of death and loss; our worst nightmares What does the Raven Symbolize or represent in this poem? Like death, loss, and suffering, the raven is part of the speakers life and will remain so. The raven casts a shadow on the speakers life and seems to threaten the speaker. He comes unexpectedly and acts as it pleases without any concern for the effect it has on others. What theme or main idea do you think this symbolizes?

A Rose for Emily Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

A Rose for Emily - Assignment Example From this essay declares that  the last paragraph contributes to the understanding of Emily’s necromancy and it is important that it comes at the end to make the reader look at differently and as the victim she plays all along. Knowing the use of the arsenic earlier would result in less suspense in the story.  The presence of a smell that disturbs the neighbors right after the disappearance of Emily’s sweetheart after he was seen entering the house, use of lime to conceal the smell, and that Barron was never seen again foreshadow the conclusion of the story.This discussion stresses that the order of events as told in the story do not follow a chronological order as they happened resulting in interest and suspense like the purchase of arsenic gives the reader the urge to know what its purpose was and if Homer was never seen again, what happened to him. Gothic elements including the decayed corpse, imposing decrepit house, and horrors connected with Emily add suspense and drama to the story and makes readers have doubts and develop a creepy atmosphere with tension and suspense and that anything is possible. The gothic elements allow for Emily’s murder to remain undiscovered and believable a fact that could not be achieved by other styles. These elements establish the atmosphere and set the mood for the event in the story to unfold with the reader expecting events to be creepy and mystical.

Dra DB ROD Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Dra DB ROD - Assignment Example Tsakos’ presentation is methodological, interactive and effectively thought through. She presents her ideas systematically and proves the claims she makes. I therefore conquer with all the facts she presents and does not disagree with any of the facts she presented since she provided sufficient proof to them. Theater is indeed a catalyst for social change. Theaters assemble people of varying ages and cultural backgrounds for entertainment purposes. The messages that occur in the form of themes address social, economic and political issues. Through such messages, theaters influence public opinion thereby initiating social changes. Character and theme are two of the six Aristotelian elements. Character refers to the agents in the plot used to convey a message while a theme is the central reason for the play and the message in the same. The two are evident in Tsakos’ video. She uses a number of performers including herself in her attempt to prove that technology has enhanced the development of theaters. Her systematic use and portrayal of the six Aristotelian elements in her video coupled with her systematic relay of information makes her presentation a fine

Child Protective Services Essay Example for Free

Child Protective Services Essay Ice users in the state of Hawaii, estimated to have reached 30,000 in 2003, were spending as much as $1. 8 billion every year to maintain their addiction in what has been referred to by U. S Attorney Ed Kubo as the â€Å"highest usage of ice in the country. † (Sinq, 2003) Ice refers to methamphetamine, a strong, extremely addictive stimulant which could be introduced to the body by smoking, sniffing, oral ingestion, or injection and affects the nervous system. (Drug-Rehabs. org, n. d. ) The substance was believed to have been discovered in Japan sometime in 1919 and was actually used as a nasal decongestant in 1932. It was manufactured legally as non-medical tablets in the United States, taking the form of â€Å"dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine) and methamphetamine (Methedrine). † It rapidly became a favorite among athletes, university students, and even long distance truck drivers – people who need to stay alert for long periods of time. An injectable form was developed during the 1960s but was subjected to severe restriction under the Controlled Substance Act of 1970. (Drug-Rehabs. org. n. d. ) Today, Prosecutor Peter Carlisle of Honolulu said that adult people in Hawaii have been turning to ice instead of alcohol – in fact the highest number of adult ice-users (by state) in the entire country is found in the state of Hawaii. In Honolulu, it was estimated that about 38% of all those arrested for various offenses have been found positive for methamphetamine. Moreover, while the average rate of sentenced methamphetamine traffickers for the entire country in 2001 was placed at 14%, the rate for Hawaii had been 51%. (A Message from Honolulu Prosecutor Peter Carlisle, 2007) This only means one thing: ice trafficking in Hawaii has grown to be a very flourishing industry, which, to some people, indicates that ice abuse has already reached epidemic proportions in the state. As a matter of fact, recorded deaths attributed to methamphetamine use have also been steadily on the rise since 2000 when 34 persons were believed to have died from using the substance. In 2001, the number rose to 54 then climbed to 62 in 2002 before decreasing slightly to 56 deaths during the year 2003. In 2004, ice-related deaths rose again to 68 and as of the middle of May 2005, there were already 38 ice-related deaths in the state of Hawaii. According to Dr. Kanthi De Alwis, Chief Medical Examiner of Honolulu, majority of deaths from ice were due to the substance’s effect on the human brain and heart. He said that ice weakens and enlarges the heart, and blocks the coronary arteries. In some of the cases, Alwis said, blood enters the brain, killing the ice user almost instantly. (Drug-Rehabs. org, 2005) User death did not prove to be the only adverse effect of the ice epidemic on Hawaiian society. A much more damaging consequence had been its effect on children. In fact it was observed that although abuse of alcohol and illegal drugs also resulted to fractured families, ice addiction had proven to be more powerful and destructive, consuming â€Å"parents’ lives so quickly that experts placed it in a class of its own. † (Dayton, 2003b) As of 2003, almost 85% of the 7,000 children who were under foster care were children of ice users. Most of these children were traumatized. They also showed signs of being â€Å"angry† and were often destructive in their ways, aside from the fact that most of them lagged in their school work. Many of them have expressed their belief that their parents abandoned them either because something was very wrong with them, or their parents simply stopped loving them. If left unattended, experts feared that these children might end up as substance abusers themselves. At the very least, they are expected to suffer from the long-term effects of living with constant violence and chaos in the family. This is what some health professionals are trying to prevent, according to Jack Maynor who works as a child counselor in a spouse-abuse shelter. (Dayton, 2003a) In many cases, children were separated from their parents because of the parents’ addiction to ice. Families where either or both parents are ice addicts are characterized by violence, child abandonment, or both. Peggy Hilton of the East Hawai’i Child Welfare Services said that there are people who become totally addicted to methamphetamine in only a matter of a couple of weeks. She explained that ice is characterized by â€Å"extreme levels of domestic violence [and that] after a binge, ice users ‘crash’ and can sleep for days, leaving the children in the house to fend for themselves. † According to officials of the Child Protective Services, they are separating up to forty children from their parents every month due to ice addiction in the Big Island alone. (Dayton, 2003b) The effect of parents’ addiction to ice among Hawaiian children has been very extensive. Professionals working with children of methamphetamine abusers often talk about the depressing experiences of these children. James Jolliff, a clinical psychologist from Waimea, recalled working with a girl who found her ice addict father hanging from a tree in their backyard in an attempt to kill himself. He said that while her father was rescued from that suicide attempt, the girl was traumatized and would remain to be so for a long time to come. (Dayton, 2003a)

Epic of Beowulf :: Poem Poet Beowulf Essays

Beowulf, the hero of the epic poem, is not an ordinary man; he is the epitome of a true hero. With the strength of thirty men in one arm, the courage to fight monsters, and the knowledge to respect and consider others' feelings, Beowulf defines the word "hero." As a thane of the Geats' king Hygelac, and later as king of the Geats, Beowulf uses his courage and wisdom to help him win many battles and competitions against humans and monsters. Beowulf's list of victories consists of his swimming contest with Breca, the slaying of sea monsters, the dismembering of the monster Grendel, decapitating Grendel (or Grendel's mother), and killing the dragon. However, his greatest achievement is not killing monsters, but not letting 'hubris' destroy him. As a good warrior and king, Beowulf always keeps his pledges/promises and obeys the laws of ''comitatus.'' Wiglaf Wiglaf, a thane of Beowulf's tribe, is another true hero in the poem. Despite the fact that he has never fought in a battle before, Wiglaf does not hide with the cowards while his lord, Beowulf, is attacked by the dragon. Remembering all the treasures and the trust Beowulf has given his men, Wiglaf bravely helps his lord who is in need: "Beloved Beowulf, do all well, for, long since in your youth, you said that you would not let your glory while you lived. Now, great-spirited noble, brave of deeds, you must protect your life with all your might. I shall help you." (Norton, 61) By helping Beowulf, Wiglaf also obeys the laws of comitatus and is greatly rewarded by Beowulf for his loyalty and love. Dragons They are often portrayed as evil and dangerous monsters, who eat people and burn homes. This view of the dragon is a direct result of the influence of Christianity and the Bible. In the Bible, the dragon is another name for the Devil, Satan himself, the archenemy of God and Jesus. Therefore, in a Western, Christian-based society, the dragon is viewed as an ally of the Devil and an enemy of God. Besides being seen as evil monsters, dragons were also believed to have treasures, such as gold or ancient artifacts in their lair. It is for one such treasure that the battle between Beowulf and the dragon starts. The Battle Beowulf, King of the Geats, who is now over seventy years old, fights his last battle.

Faculty of Economics and Business Science Essay

Introduction – How the American Low-Cost Airline Industry Looks Like? In the post World War II the federal government heavily regulated period, commercial air travels in the US. As a result, the nation was reliant on a few leading airline companies. Competition was permitted only within individual states. California and Texas were the only two states that had both the geographical and demographic advantage to make air travel attractive. Since 1938, the U.S. Congress formally regulated air transportation through the Civil Aeronautics Act. This Act created a board to control the entry and exit of air carriers, to regulate fares, and to control mergers. These new findings led to the deregulation of the airline industry in 1978. Deregulation was premised on the idea that an unregulated market would approximate a perfectly competitive industry, one that had numerous carriers, no significant economies of scale, and no significant barriers to entry. As a result, many new entrants tried to establish on the airline market, although most of them get bankrupt due to the fierce competition on prices which made a profit margin too low to stay in the game. Besides, financial crises in 1983 and 1990 made many low-cost airlines leave the market. As an example, over 200 airlines stopped operating from 1983 to 1988. However, few significant airlines were born at that time: Spirit Airlines (1964) and Southwest Airlines (1967), Sun Country Airlines (1982). The relatively new low-cost carriers include Allegiant Air (1997), Frontier Airlines (1994), JetBlue (1999) and Virgin America (2004). In 2006 the low cost carriers have a market share of 30% in the Unites States, compared to 7% in 1990. One of the reasons for such an escalating increase could be a raising traveling demand in the US: total number of passengers in 2012 reached 800 million! We assume that such a significant market share should be understood as a separate industry. We would like to analyze the environment of the US low-cost airline industry by applying following tools: PESTEL analysis, Porter’s five forces framework and Strategic Groups  analysis. The Macro-Environment We will start with the analysis of the largest layer of the business environment. In order to investigate the macro-environment we will apply PESTEL analysis to understand to which extent the following six main factors have an impact on the whole industry. Political Factor Thread of terrorism: The airline industry has never really recovered from the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. This situation leads to more invasive security procedures at the airports and customers dissatisfaction even before taking a flight. September 11, 2001 has put a long-term shadow on the whole airline industry leading to significantly higher operating costs. The airline industry is highly regulated by the Department of Transportation and the Federal Aviation Administration, primarily in areas of flight operations, maintenance and other safety and technical matters. Stricter regulations on aircraft safety maintenance, for instance, are placing new burdens on operators of older aircraft. Average aircraft operating age in the industry is 11 years. The 1978 Airline Deregulation Act partially shifted control over air travel from the political to the market sphere. The Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB), which had previously controlled entry, exit, and the pricing of airline services, mergers, and consumer issues, was phased out under the CAB Sunset Act and expired officially on December 31, 1984. The economic liberalization of air travel was part of a series of â€Å"deregulation† moves based on the growing realization that a politically controlled economy served no continuing public interest. U.S. deregulation has been part of a greater global airline liberalization trend. Economic Factor This economic part of the airlines industry has already struggling the airlines to contend with declining passenger traffic, competition from low cost carriers, high aviation fuel prices, labor demands, and soaring maintenance and operating costs. All these factors have made the airlines to get in bankruptcies because they can no longer afford to run their operations profitably. Fuel is the airline industry’s second largest  expense, exceeded only by labor. The major U.S. airlines spend more than $10 billion a year on fuel, which is approximately 10 percent of total operating expenses. As a result, increased fuel efficiency has been a top industry priority for many years. Significant changes appeared in the US economy between 1983 and 1988; the airline industry experienced a massive wave of bankruptcies, mergers, and acquisitions. Over 200 carriers left the market, leaving nine airlines (United, American, Continental, TWA, US Air, Pan Am, Delta, Northwest, and Eastern) to share 92 percent of domestic revenue. Contrary to initial expectations, deregulation actually led to a decrease in competition. Airlines’ profitability is closely tied to economic growth and trade. During the first half of the 1990s, the industry suffered not only from world recession but the Gulf War further depressed travel. In 1991 the number of international passengers dropped for the first time. The financial difficulties were exacerbated by airlines over-ordering aircraft in the boom years of the late 1980s, leading too significant excess capacity in the market. Mergers and acquisitions are seen to be one of the most important trends in the low-cost airline industry. Many carriers make efforts to purchase small regional aircraft operating companies or even fuel suppliers of the local level. This leads to lower operating costs and will result even into higher ticket prices in the future. The expectation for the US economy for the next years is that the growth rate will increase for 1.6% to 2.4%. Growing economy means an increase in buying power of the customers. For this reason, the traveling demand is expected to increase in the future as well. Social Factor The profile of the passengers has changed with more economically passengers and less business class passengers. Now with more information and social media the customers have high expectations in the low price sector of the tickets because the expected standards of the services have increased. Even for a low price passengers expect to have clean seats, smiling crew, no delays etc. Moreover, customers are ready to complain if the service does not meet their expectations. Technological Factor Though it is a fact that the airline industry uses technology extensively in its operations, they are limited to the aircraft and the operations of the  airlines excluding the ticketing and the distribution aspects. This has prompted many experts to call on the airlines to make use of the advances in technology for the front office and the customer facing functions as well. In other words, the technological changes have to be adapted to include mobile technologies as far as ticketing, distribution, and customer service. Technology media now is necessary, for their promotion and for the customers that can buy their tickets in a safe and a quicly way. An example is that Southwest Airlines uses the technology extensively and it is a fact that the 75% of its profits the company gains due to the online sales. Such technologies as mobile phone applications, homepages, online reservations and others are not necessary just to be successful in the market – they are an absolutely a  ¨must have ¨ for the airline to even start to make sales. Environmental Factor The social responsibility initiatives are becoming more pronounced in the airilines industry. As consumers and activists turn a critical eye towards the airlines and their corporate social responsibility. Many people do not associate noise with pollution. But in the last decades the noise produced by jets has become one of the airlines biggest environmental challenges, the one the companies have spent billions of dollars to address. Key to their noise reduction efforts has been the development and introduction of new technology over the years. The airlines have implemented a recycling program to reduce the amount of solid waste they send to landfills. These are the most commons: aluminum can recycling by flight, greater use of metal utensils and ceramic dishes, paper recycling of airline offices. Legal Factor The number of lawsuits against airlines from both customers as well as workers has gone up. In other words, the regulators are being stricter with the airlines, which mean that they are now increasingly their strategies, and actualizing their strategies only after they are convinced that they are not violating any laws. For the airlines industry the customers are the priority beacuase they know thath having an airplane accident will have legal issues and can destroy a whole airiline. The legal system became intolerant of delays, safety issues, and other aspects has only served to increase the fears among the airlines as each and every move of theirs is being checked. In the restrictions on mergers the U.S. Department of Justice approves a certain number of airline mergers, but also blocks a number of them because they fear a trend towards monopolization which would mean less competition and could lead to higher ticket prices. Airlines then sometimes file in lawsuits to defend their proposed merger and tend to succeed. Open Skies Agreement was signed in 2008, the intention of this U.S. and EU aviation pact was to allow greater access to U.S. markets by non-U.S. carriers. This means a greater competitive pressure for U.S. airlines. Conclusion from the PESTEL analysis: Key drivers from the macro-environment include political, economic and legal factors. In order to analyze the next layer of the environment – industries and sectors – we will use Porter’s five forces framework. This tool was developed to estimate the industry’s attractiveness. Another purpose of our analyze is to recognize dynamics of the US low-cost airline industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers The suppliers of airline companies are fuel supplier, foods supplier, aircraft supplier and airport facilities. It should be mentioned that the US supplier market for the airlines is quite limited. There exist only two possible suppliers for the airplanes – Boeing and Airbus. There is a large investment required to purchase the airplanes. Thus, it makes it very difficult to switch between these two suppliers (for instance, to switch from Boeing vehicles to Airbus) as the switching costs will be unavoidably high. Another issue which is worth mentioning – in the case of switching to another supplier all mechanics and pilots should be retrained according to the standards of a new supplier. In the past, low-cost carriers tended to operate older aircraft purchased second-hand. Since 2000, however, fleets generally consist of newer, more fuel efficient aircraft. These are extremely efficient aircraft in terms of fuel, training, maintenance and  crew costs per passenger. Airlines are also highly dependent on Boeing’s and Airbus’s innovation strategy – especially low-cost carriers have little bargaining power to negotiate with the suppliers and order special custom-made vehicles (for example, airlines cannot make an order to Boeing/Airbus to produce special airplanes with more seats/less fuel costs in order to maximize airline’s profits). Thus, the power of the suppliers makes the airlines to adopt their strategies to a new fleet and the other way round! Fuel market is quite monopolized as well (PDVSA, Venezuela; Petrobras, Brazil). Moreover, price of aviation fuel is directly related to the cost of oil. It implies difficulties to the airlines as oil market is very unpredictable and tend to increase. For this reason airlines prefer to sign long-term contracts with the fuel suppliers in order to negotiate fuel prices for the future as well. Foods suppliers do not cause any specific difficulties for the low-cost airlines due to two main points. Firstly, many low-cost carriers do not serve a warm/cooked food for the passengers. Secondly, foods suppliers have little bargaining power as their market is highly competitive as well. This makes it very easy for the airline to switch to another foods supplier. Large airports charge very high prices for renting or buying the gates. Thus, they are seen as a big challenge for the airlines. On the other hand, regional airports have little bargaining power as they are heavily dependent to make their profits from a regionally dominant airline. It is worth mentioning that it is very important for the low-cost airlines to dominate on the regional level. But in this case, low-cost carriers do not challenge fees of regional airports – they rather compete with other low-cost airlines to get the airport gates. Conclusion: In general, bargaining power of suppliers in US low-cost airline industry is very high, although there can be some differences between the national and regional level of operating. Regional low-cost airlines are not so much dependent on airports’ bargaining power, but even this issue does not affect the whole picture of the industry. Bargaining Power of Customers Customers seem to be very price sensitive. According to the survey conducted in 2010, 36 percent of travelers ranked price as their top consideration while choosing a airline. The second most valued factor, with 32 percent respectively, is particular schedules and routes the airline can offer to a  passenger. Surprisingly, on-time performance and star rating all gathered seven percent or less. Thus, customers’ behavior towards prices makes low-cost carriers participate in a fierce competition on low prices for the flights and invite special sales offers and promotions to gather new customers. The next problem which low-cost companies face is low switching costs for the passengers. The opportunity to compare prices from different airlines online allows the customers to make a best-choice decision. According to the survey mentioned above, only less than two percent of travelers mentioned brand loyalty to be a crucial factor of choosing an airline to fly with. Increase in customers’ awareness about building the prices also puts some limits on the airlines’ strategies: modern travelers know exactly how much their flight tickets should cost! They are aware that most low-cost carriers try to promote online sales in order to shorten their costs by not renting offices and not establishing call centers with call agents. Today’s customers also understand that online check-in allows the airline to cut its costs for renting check-in desks at the airports etc. As a result of this awareness, customers become more suspicious about the price and have higher expectations for the services. Conclusion: Price became for the customers the most crucial factor to decide what airline they want to use. No switching costs and customers’ awareness define as well that customers possess a huge bargaining power towards low-cost carriers in the US. Threat of New Entrants Deregulation law of 1978 had a great impact on the whole US airline industry. The idea of deregulation changed the airline business into a perfectly competitive industry with numerous carriers, no significant economies of scale, and no significant barriers to entry. After plenty of mergers and acquisitions in the airline industry in the 1980s were executed, over 200 carriers left the market. Thus, US deregulation created a more concentrated airline market with no specific barriers for the new entrants on the other hand. Historically, it has been seen very prestige to owe an airline – for this reason a lot of investors tried to enter the industry despite of its low attractiveness. Most of them, however, left the market as the airlines declared themselves being bankrupt. In general, airline industry has one of the highest turnover rates – over 60% of all new entrants leave the market  in the first five operating years. There is a high capital investment required to ente r the industry. Moreover, investors cannot change the existing prices in the industry. Most costs for the airline are built from its fixed costs (renting or purchasing fleet, renting airport gates, fuel costs, salary paid to the personnel, trainings). This makes it very difficult to reduce the costs when needed – fixed costs cannot be reduced in the emergency case. Restricted slot availability makes it even more difficult for the new entrants to find suitable airports. Especially in the low-cost sector of the US airline industry it causes extremely high challenges for the new entrants to have enough basis to set low fares for the flight tickets. By setting very low and competitive ticket prices a new entrant should take a risk to stay unprofitable for the first operating years as a new company has a lot of debts from the investment and no customer base to make enough profits. On the other hand, as we analyzed before no close customer relationship is possible within a low-cost airline industry. Hence, if a new entrant is able to catch customers’ attention by setting low fares this airline can expect the profits in a short time. Conclusion: Although the new entrants will face a fierce price war immediately after entering the market, there are some key factors (low prices, different routes) that can save the company from going bankrupt. Nevertheless, the thread of new entrants in the industry tends to be low. Competitive Rivalry As mentioned before, the low-cost carrier market in the USA is highly competitive due to heavy pressure on prices, margins, and hence on profitability. Besides, the industry is characterized by the following specifics: Most cost advantages can be copied immediately. Low chances to participate in the competition for the national market as the two major low-cost airlines (Spirit Airlines, Southwest Airlines) have avoided direct head to head competition by choosing different routes to serve. Existing rivalry is competing on the regional and local level. Not much differentiation between services. Price is the main differentiating factor. The pricing policy of the low cost carriers is usually very dynamic, with discounts and tickets in promotion. A new tendency towards prices: the  prices steadily rise thereafter to a point where they can be comparable or more expensive than a flight on a full-service carrier. Conclusion: highly competitive environment. Threat of Substitutes Historically, airlines have satisfied the demand for a speedier travel experience with faster aircraft. Travelers choose air for a variety of reasons; chief among them are costs and time. But in the future airlines can be on the edge of losing this advantage if high-speed rail will be improved. In this case more travelers will re-evaluate this alternative, and many will quit flying because of the reasons they dislike air travel: check-in/security hassles, lost productive time, lower-than expected reliability on in-time departure and arrival, and negative environmental impact. Rail is not a complete substitute for air travel in all markets because longer distances magnify the effects of slower travel speeds. But for travel distances of less than 1,200 kilometers, high-speed rail can be seen as a viable choice. It is worth saying that after the Deregulation law in 1978 the American railway was quite â€Å"abandoned† as most travelers switched to the air travel due to the low fares offered for the tickets. Thus, American railway has hardly introduced new rail destinations and can be barely seen to be a substation for the air travel today. Nevertheless, the situation can change if investment in the improvement of American rail destinations will be made. Buses are not a substition for the US low-cost carriers as their prices (even for the regional destination) are comparable to the prices for the flight tickets. Conclusion: Low-cost carriers are not threatened by the substition by railway/buses. The summary of the Porter’s five forces analysis can be represented by the following graph: Conclusion from the Porter’s five forces framework: The U.S. low-cost airline industry is not an attractive industry to enter because of the heavy competition, large turnover rates and high fixed costs which results in one of the lowest profitability of all industries. Now we came to the most immediate layer by which the companies are surrounded – layer of competitors and markets. We will conduct the analysis of this layer by dividing the airline industry into particular Strategic Groups. We decided to define Strategic Groups by following terms: by geographic coverage (national, regional, international) and by customer satisfaction (measured in the airline industry by a scale from 1-1000 points). Conclusion to the Strategic Groups: The most direct competitors of low cost-carriers are very often other low-cost carriers. There is a strong competitive rivalry both within the strategic group of low cost carriers like Southwest Airlines and JetBlue, but also there exists a competition between strategic groups. For instance, a big low cost-carrier Southwest also competes with Delta Air Lines who is the largest legacy/major U.S.airline who operates in both a domestic and an international network. According to our research, critical success factors for the low-cost airline industry include: ticket fares, waiting times for flights, safety measure, customer-oriented service and comfort, special sales offers (for example, frequent-flyers programs), airport fees, number of destinations, costs of airplaines, fuel price conditions, online ticket booking, high-frequency flights.

Supersaurus - Facts and Figures

Name: Supersaurus (Greek for super lizard); pronounced SOUP-er-SORE-us Habitat: Woodlands of North America Historical Period: Late Jurassic (155-145 million years ago) Size and Weight: Over 100 feet long and up to 40 tons Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Extremely long neck and tail; small head; quadrupedal posture About Supersaurus In most ways, Supersaurus was a typical sauropod of the late Jurassic period, with its exceedingly long neck and tail, bulky body, and comparatively small head (and brain). What set this dinosaur apart from enormous cousins like Diplodocus and Argentinosaurus was its unusual length: Supersaurus may have measured a whopping 110 feet from head to tail, or over one-third the length of a football field, which would make it one of the longest terrestrial animals in the history of life on earth! (Its important to keep in mind that his extreme length didnt translate into extreme bulk: Supersaurus probably only weighed about 40 tons, max, compared to up to 100 tons for still-obscure plant-eating dinosaurs like Bruhathkayosaurus and Futalognkosaurus). Despite its size and its comic-book-friendly name, Supersaurus still lingers on the fringes of true respectability in the paleontology community. The closest relative of this dinosaur was once thought to be Barosaurus, but a more recent fossil discovery (in Wyoming in 1996) makes Apatosaurus (the dinosaur once known as Brontosaurus) the more likely candidate; the exact phylogenetic relationships are still being worked out, and may never be fully understood in the absence of additional fossil evidence. And the standing of Supersaurus has been further undermined by the controversy surrounding the oddly spelled Ultrasauros (previously Ultrasaurus), which was described around the same time, by the same paleontologist, and has since been classified as a synonym of the already-dubious Supersaurus.